Vaccine literacy in the Bangladeshi community in Tower Hamlets and the Pakistani, Black African and Black Caribbean communities in Waltham Forest

Healthwatch Waltham Forest and Healthwatch Tower Hamlets undertook research on attitudes towards vaccines among the Bangladeshi community in Tower Hamlets and the Pakistani, Black African and Black Caribbean communities in Waltham Forest. They engaged 168 people through three outreach events and an online panel discussion, alongside analysis of vaccination data and wider public feedback. 

The research found that people who were less likely to accept seasonal Covid and flu vaccines were more likely to be under 50, of Pakistani or Black African ethnicity, female, working class, born in the UK, and to feel poorly informed about vaccines. Vaccine hesitancy was often linked to concerns about side effects, previous negative experiences of vaccination, or hearing about adverse experiences from others. People who were hesitant were also less likely to trust information from GPs, the NHS, scientists and government sources, and more likely to rely on online information or friends and family. 

The report found that trust in GP services played an important role in vaccine uptake. GP practices with higher vaccination rates tended to be those where patients felt listened to, involved in decisions, treated with care, given enough time during appointments and able to trust healthcare professionals. Vaccination rates were also generally lower in more deprived areas. Participants highlighted the need for clear, honest information about vaccine side effects, the purpose of booster vaccinations and how vaccines protect against serious illness. 

The report recommended an approach based on accessible, competent, person-centred and trustworthy care. It emphasised the importance of tailoring communication to different communities, working through trusted local influencers, improving accessibility for disabled and digitally excluded people, using a range of communication formats and locations, and ensuring healthcare professionals actively address concerns in a clear, evidence-based and culturally appropriate way.