Neurodivergent Spaces

Healthwatch Herefordshire undertook engagement with neurodivergent people in Herefordshire about their experiences of accessing public spaces, services, and transport between September 2025 and March 2026. It is based on conversations with 92 individuals and 196 online responses covering 138 different places. 

Overall, the report finds that neurodivergent people face a range of environmental, social, and organisational barriers that affect their comfort, accessibility, and sense of inclusion. While experiences vary greatly between individuals, common themes show that many environments are not designed with neurodivergent needs in mind. 

A key finding is that sensory factors such as noise, crowds, lighting, temperature, and smells are major barriers. Many participants reported feeling overwhelmed in busy or noisy places and said that overstimulation can lead to anxiety, distress, or meltdowns. Quiet spaces, better control of noise and lighting, and opportunities to withdraw were identified as essential improvements. 

The report also highlights that unpredictability and change can be particularly challenging. Sudden changes to routines, layouts, menus, or transport arrangements can cause significant distress, especially when people are unable to plan ahead. Clear, consistent communication and advance notice of changes are therefore critical. 

Staff attitudes and communication were identified as one of the most important factors influencing whether a space feels safe and accessible. Participants valued staff who were patient, kind, and understanding, who allowed extra time for communication, and who avoided judgement. Poor attitudes or lack of awareness could discourage individuals from returning to a space. 

The report emphasises the importance of feeling safe, both physically and psychologically. Neurodivergent individuals are more likely to feel vulnerable in public settings, and a welcoming, non-judgemental environment with trained staff helps build trust and confidence. Familiarity with staff and clear signage about support were also seen as beneficial.

Difficulties with queues, crowding, and confined spaces were frequently reported, as these can increase feelings of being trapped or overwhelmed. Suggested solutions include alternative queuing systems, timed entry, and better layout design that allows space and easy exits. 

The report also notes that many neurodivergent people have additional disabilities or conditions, meaning accessibility needs can overlap. Physical accessibility, clear navigation, and inclusive design are therefore important alongside sensory considerations. 

In response to these findings, the report sets out key recommendations for organisations. These include creating welcoming and inclusive cultures, training staff in neurodiversity awareness, providing adaptable and low-sensory environments, maintaining consistency, and implementing practical adjustments such as quiet hours, clearer signage, and accessible layouts. 

Finally, the report concludes that making spaces more inclusive for neurodivergent people benefits not only individuals but also the wider community. Improving accessibility is both a legal responsibility under the Equality Act 2010 and an opportunity to create environments that are more welcoming, equitable, and usable for everyone.